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Responsables scientifiques
H. Proudhon
Faculté de Médecine de
La Timone
Marseille

English translation
Alison Campbell
University of Southampton INSERM Montpellier

Webmaster
Michel Godard

Mise-à-jour
24-Mai-2003

rev. oct/2002 evidence-based analysis rely upon
research published before january 2002
Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires
CHU-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve
371, avenue du doyen Giraud
34295 Montpellier Cedex 5 France

Biologists : click here to start the metacard version
of this occupational asthma data base which can be used simultaneously

AsthmeproV9fr-windows.exe

AsmaworkV6en-windows.exe

Liens vers la version anglaiseSuite : Fiches 1 à 10, 11 à 20, 21 à 30, 31 à 40, 41à 50, 51 à 60, 61 à 70, 71 et plus. Produits/Substances Métiers
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Responsables médicaux
H. Dhivert
Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve Montpellier

Asmapro available on CD-rom :This Asmanet Web service is under construction, with a CD  for off-line usage. Medline abstracts have been added to the CD off-line version in order to have them without an Internet web access. The service is available for Mac & PC in French and in English. The AsthmaPro version uses Metacard and is very handy thanks to its excellent integrated search engine - the HTML ver?sion uses Google as an off-shore search engine, which implies then a web online access - april2003); CD can be obtained free of charge for eligible people (limited stocks); just send your request and professionnal data to Mr L. Mousseau (Phadia). You may also write to Croisix who shall forward your request whenever eligible.

Tableau des Asthmes Professionnels
Asthma caused by casein
(E71 created=February 1999/Updated =  01/03/99   )
rev. 11/10/2002 evidence based upon research published prior to january 2002

Jobs/Métiers

Substances/Agents

Food industry, Tanner

Casein

Incidence

Conditions

Symptom

Rare, IgE-dependent mechanism. Approximately 50% of subjects are atopic.

Sensitisation usually occurs via the digestive tract.

Inhalation of casein is responsible for occupational asthma.

Rhinitis and asthma develop after several years of exposure to the risk.

Diagnostic

 

References

Skin tests: skin prick tests using commercially available allergens: immunological dosage using RAST/CAP. Bronchial provocation test (in Hospital) is conducted using a solution of 10-50 mg/ml.

 

J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1994,93,4:799
Allergy 1990,45:306

  1. [Medline] Rossi GL, Corsico A, Moscato G. Occupational asthma caused by milk proteins: report on a case. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994 Apr;93(4):799-801. No abstract available. PMID: 8163790 

  2. [Medline] Olaguibel JM, Hernandez D, Morales P, Peris A, Basomba A. Occupational asthma caused by inhalation of casein. Allergy. 1990 May;45(4):306-8. PMID: 2382796 

Tableau des Asthmes Professionnels
Asthma caused by styrene
(E72 created=February 1999/Updated =  01/03/99   )
rev. 11/10/2002 evidence based upon research published prior to january 2002

Jobs/Métiers

Substances/Agents

Plastics industry

Styrene

Incidence

Conditions

Symptom

Several cases have been reported since 1984. Atopy does not appear to be involved. Both immediate and late phase bronchial reactions are observed. In 1991, the first bronchial provocation test using styrene demonstrated that this product was responsible for asthma.

Styrene is a compound required for the manufacture of glass fibre. An atmospheric concentration of 12 ppm of styrene is sufficient to cause a reduction of 20% in FEV1 capacity (TLV 100 ppm).

Tight chest, nocturnal dyspnoea, cough, irritation of the eyes, skin rashes.

Diagnostic

 

References

No skin tests are available. Bronchial provocation test (in hospital).

 

Thorax 1994,49:400
Thorax 1991,46:396
J. Occup. Med 1987,29:957
Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro 1988,10:253
Giornale Italiano di Medicina del Lavoro 1984,6:225

  1. [Medline] Hayes JP, Lambourn L, Hopkirk JA, Durham SR, Taylor AJ. Occupational asthma due to styrene. Thorax. 1991 May;46(5):396-7. PMID: 2068702 

  2. [Medline] Moscato G, Biscaldi G, Cottica D, Pugliese F, Candura S, Candura F. Occupational asthma due to styrene: two case reports. J Occup Med. 1987 Dec;29(12):957-60. PMID: 3430203

  3. [Medline] Moscato G, Marraccini P, Dellabianca A, Vinci G, Candura SM. Styrene-induced occupational asthma and rhinitis. G Ital Med Lav. 1988 Nov;10(6):253-9. Italian. PMID: 3154907 

  4. [Medline] Jedrychowski WA, Fonte R. Chronic respiratory symptomatology and obstructive syndrome in workers of a chemical industry. G Ital Med Lav. 1984 Sep-Nov;6(5-6):225-33. Italian. PMID: 6545213

Tableau des Asthmes Professionnels
Mushroom pickers' asthma
(E73 created=February 1999/Updated =  01/03/99  )
rev. 11/10/2002 evidence based upon research published prior to january 2002

Jobs/Métiers

Substances/Agents

Mushroom producer

Pleurotus

Incidence

Conditions

Symptom

Rare considering the scale of the industry. Dependent upon the nature of the work.

The number of spores present in the culture areas is enormous, therefore, prevention is essential: proper ventilation, wearing masks during harvesting, use of varieties known to produce fewer airborne spores.

Spasmodic cough followed by asthma attacks, initially only occurring in the work place. Rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

Diagnostic

 

References

Skin tests using extracts prepared from spores taken from the work place. Positive tests for basidiospores may be observed even in asymptomatic subjects. Specific IgE can be measured using an ELISA test.

 

Eur. Resp. J. 1991, 4:1143

Tableau des Asthmes Professionnels
Asthma and alveolitis due to domestic waste
(E74 created=February 1999/Updated =  01/03/99   )
rev. 11/10/2002 evidence based upon research published priorto january 2002

Jobs/Métiers

Substances/Agents

Refuse collectors, Treatment plant employee

Bacteria, Dust, fongal spores, Endotoxins

Incidence

Conditions

Symptom

Unknown, but sufficiently high that communal research programmes have been set up both within Europe and in collaboration with the USA.

Personnel involved in all areas of this work may be affected, including manual sorting of open-air dumping, in incineration plants and in the transport of waste. These areas of work are at high risk for exposure to pulmonary pathogens.

Respiratory symptoms include cough, bronchitis and allergic alveolitis. Gastro-intestinal problems, muscle pain, skin and eye irritation have also been reported.

Diagnostic

 

References

There are few convincing tests. In some cases, the drop in the FEV1 is linked to the concentration of bacterial toxins.

 

Sci. Total Environ. 1995,168:33

Occupationnal Asthma
Asthma in brewers
(E75 created=February 1999/Updated =  01/03/99 + 2002 )
rev. 11/10/2002 evidence based upon research published prior to january 2002

Jobs/Métiers

Substances/Agents

Brewing trade

Aspergillus, Barley, Chloramine, Hops, Malt, Yeast

Incidence

Conditions

Symptom

The most commonly reported cases of asthma occur during grinding. In the pubs or bars, the cases of asthma are rare since only the contamination by aspergillus is dangerous.

Studies on brewery employees have shown that subjects with positive skin tests more frequently develop asthma than those with negative skin tests. Smoking is an aggravating co-factor.

Asthma develops during the milling of the roasted malt. Moulds are used to produce citric acid during the fermentation and can cause pathologies themselves. Finally, some cases of asthma following inhalation of chroramine have been reported in breweries.

Moderate asthma, rhinitis, indigestion.

Diagnostic

 

References

Skin tests and CAP RAST are available for Aspergillus. Apart from this mould, the most frequently used skin prick tests are: barley, hops and brewing yeast. The diagnosis is performed by peak flow measurements in the workplace or bronchial provocation tests in the hospital.

 

Am. J. Ind. Med. 1999,35:68 Godnic Cvar J. et al.
Occup. Med. 1997,47:397 - Heaney L.G. et al.
Br. Med. J. 1979,2:10 - Bourne M.S. et al..

  1. [Medline] Godnic-Cvar J, Zuskin E, Mustajbegovic J, Schachter EN, Kanceljak B, Macan J, Ilic Z, Ebling Z.
    Respiratory and immunological findings in brewery workers. Am J Ind Med. 1999 Jan;35(1):68-75.  PMID: 9884747

  2. [Medline] Heaney LG, McCrea P, Buick B, MacMahon J.
    Brewer's asthma due to malt contamination.  Occup Med (Lond). 1997 Sep;47(7):397-400. PMID: 9374067

  3. [Medline] Bourne MS, Flindt ML, Walker JM.
    Asthma due to industrial use of chloramine. Br Med J. 1979 Jul 7;2(6181):10-2. PMID: 466247 

Occupationnal Asthma
Asthma in coal miners
(E76 created=February 1999/Updated =  01/03/99 + 2002 )
rev. 11/10/2002 evidence based upon research published prior to january 2002

Jobs/Métiers

Substances/Agents

Miner

Moulds, Polyester resins, Rhizopus Nigricans, Styrene resins

Incidence

Conditions

Symptom

Rare,but to date, very little research has been performed in this area.

The proliferation of moulds in the mines is due to the ambient humidity. The problem of isocyanate sensitization is due to the working in the mines over several months. The closed atmosphere gives extremely favourable conditions for this sensitization.

A study was published in 2001, on the role of resins injected into the roofs of galleries (in order to support them) on the development of occupational asthma in miners. Nothing was proven, but it has already been recognized that these products play an irritant role due to the volatile components derived from dibenzoyl peroxide.

Rhinitis and spasmodic coryza accompanied by respiratory difficulties at the workplace.

Diagnostic

 

References

Skin test and CAP RAST are available for Rhizopus Nigricans. The diagnostic is made by peak flow measurements at the workplace or a bronchial provocation test in hospital.

 

Lancet 1993,341:318 - Nemry B. et al.
Thorax 1996,51:867 - Gamboa P.M et al. .

  1. [Medline] Nemery B, Lenaerts L. Exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in coal mines. Lancet. 1993 Jan 30;341(8840):318. No abstract available. PMID: 8093967

  2. [Medline] Gamboa PM, Jauregui I, Urrutia I, Antepara I, Gonzalez G, Mugica V. 
    Occupational asthma in a coal miner. Thorax. 1996 Aug;51(8):867-8. PMID: 8795682

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Asthme due to hydroxychloroquine
E77 created=Octobre 2001/MàJ = 1998...2001 + 2002
rev. 11/10/2002 evidence based upon research published prior to january 2002

Jobs/Métiers

Substances/Agents

  Pharmaceutical Industry,  Medical Personnel

    Hydroxychloroquine, Plaquenil

Incidence

Conditions

Symptom

Only one case of asthma has been published. In this incidence, the subject was atopic, but it was not possible to find a link between the symptoms and atopy.

Long exposure (over 10 years) in the only reported case of asthma

Asthma associated with eczema of the hands, trunk and neck. Conjunctivitis and rhinitis were also apparent. As a result of therapeutic use of the product, numerous reactions have been reported: photodermatitis, exanthematous maculopapular lesions, purpura, vascular problems and even toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Diagnostic

Tableau

References

In the case of contact eczema, one can perform epicutaneous tests and patch-tests with hydroxychloroquine at concentrations of 0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1 % and 2 %. The scratch test using pure hydroxychloroquine, and a 2 % solution is negative if read immediately, but a positive result develops after 48 hours.
Bronchial provocations test are positive after 30 hours (22 % drop in FEV1) and it is associated with a raised temperature. The reversibility under beta-2 –mimetics is insufficient and the use of oral steroids is necessary. This test has been associated with a generalized erythematous skin rash.

 

Les références bibliographiques connues de Medline sont données ci-dessous avec un lien hypertexte direct sur le résumé de l'article - cliquez sur le mot "Medline"


Version française Suite : Fiches 1 à 10, 11 à 20, 21 à 30, 31 à 40, 41à 50, 51 à 60, 61 à 70, 71 et plus. Produits/Substances Métiers
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